Wehewehe a me ke kumu o Chip
Chip - he huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā huahana semiconductor component, nā kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia, i hoʻopau ʻia e like me IC;a i ʻole microcircuits, microchips, wafers/chips, i loko o ka uila he ala e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā kaʻa (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea semiconductor, akā nā ʻāpana passive, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a i kēlā me kēia manawa i hana ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o nā wafers semiconductor.
Mai ka makahiki 1949 a hiki i ka makahiki 1957, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā prototypes e Werner Jacobi, Jeffrey Dummer, Sidney Darlington, Yasuo Tarui, akā ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kaapuni hoʻohui hou e Jack Kilby i ka makahiki 1958. Ua loaʻa iā ia ka makana Nobel no ka Physics ma 2000, akā ʻo Robert Noyce, nāna Ua hoʻomohala pū kekahi i kahi kaapuni hoʻohui pono hou i ka manawa like, i hala i ka makahiki 1990.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ka chip
Ma hope o ka hana ʻana a me ka hana nui o nā transistors, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana semiconductor solid-state e like me nā diodes a me nā transistors i nā helu nui, e hoʻololi ana i ka hana a me ke kuleana o nā paipu ʻupena i nā kaapuni.Ma ka waena o ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20, hiki i ka holomua i ka ʻenehana hana semiconductor i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaʻapuni i hui pū ʻia me ka lima e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻāpana uila ʻokoʻa, hiki i nā ʻāpana hoʻohui ke hoʻohui i ka nui o nā micro-transistors i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, kahi holomua nui.ʻO ka nui o ka huahana, hilinaʻi, a me ke ʻano modular i ka hoʻolālā kaapuni o nā kaʻa kaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokomo wikiwiki ʻana i nā kaapuni hoʻohui maʻamau ma mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana me nā transistors discrete.
Loaʻa i nā kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia ʻelua mau pono nui ma mua o nā transistors discrete: ke kumu kūʻai a me ka hana.ʻO ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka paʻi ʻana o ka chip i nā ʻāpana āpau ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana, ma mua o ka hana ʻana i hoʻokahi transistor i ka manawa.ʻO ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻāpana a me ka emi ʻana o ka ikehu no ka mea liʻiliʻi nā ʻāpana a kokoke i kekahi.2006, hele ka ʻāpana chip mai kahi mau millimeter square a hiki i 350 mm² a hiki ke hiki i hoʻokahi miliona transistors no mm².
(He 30 billion transistors i loko!)
Pehea ka hana o ka chip
ʻO ka puʻupuʻu kahi kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia me ka nui o nā transistors.Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana like ʻole ka nui hoʻohui like ʻole, mai nā haneli miliona;i nā ʻumi a i ʻole nā haneli o nā transistors.ʻElua mau mokuʻāina ʻo Transistors, ma luna a ma waho, i hōʻike ʻia e 1s a me 0s.Nui nā 1s a me 0s i hana ʻia e nā transistors he nui, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā hana kikoʻī (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kuhikuhi a me nā ʻikepili) e hōʻike a hoʻoponopono paha i nā leka, nā helu, nā kala, nā kiʻi, a pēlā aku. aʻo e hoʻomaka i ka chip, a ma hope e loaʻa mau nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā ʻikepili hou e hoʻopau ai i ka hana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-03-2019