Wehewehe a me ke kumu o Chip
Chip - he huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā huahana semiconductor component, nā kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia, i hoʻopau ʻia e like me IC; a i ʻole microcircuits, microchips, wafers/chips, i loko o ka uila he ala e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā kaapuni (ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea semiconductor, akā ʻo nā ʻāpana passive, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a i kēlā me kēia manawa i hana ʻia ma ka ʻili o nā wafers semiconductor.
Mai ka makahiki 1949 a hiki i ka makahiki 1957, ua hookumuia na prototypes e Werner Jacobi, Jeffrey Dummer, Sidney Darlington, Yasuo Tarui, aka, ua hanaia ka kaapuni hoohui hou e Jack Kilby i ka makahiki 1958. Ua loaa ia ia ka makana no ka Nobel no ka Physics i ka makahiki 2000, aka, o Robert Noyce, ka mea nana i hoomohala i keia manawa99 integrated circuit ma ka makahiki 1999.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ka chip
Ma hope o ka hana ʻana a me ka hana nui o nā transistors, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana semiconductor solid-state e like me nā diodes a me nā transistors i nā helu nui, e hoʻololi ana i ka hana a me ke kuleana o nā paipu ʻupena i nā kaapuni. Ma ka waena o ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20, hiki i ka holomua i ka ʻenehana hana semiconductor i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaʻapuni i hui pū ʻia me ka lima e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻāpana uila ʻokoʻa, hiki i nā ʻāpana hoʻohui ke hoʻohui i kahi helu nui o nā micro-transistors i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, he holomua nui. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana, ka hilinaʻi, a me ke ʻano modular i ka hoʻolālā kaapuni o nā kaʻa kaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokomo wikiwiki ʻana i nā kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana me nā transistors discrete.
Loaʻa i nā kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia ʻelua mau pono nui ma mua o nā transistors discrete: ke kumu kūʻai a me ka hana. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka paʻi ʻana o ka chip i nā ʻāpana āpau ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana, ma mua o ka hana ʻana i hoʻokahi transistor i ka manawa. ʻO ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻāpana a me ka emi ʻana o ka ikehu no ka mea liʻiliʻi nā ʻāpana a kokoke i kekahi. 2006, hele ka ʻāpana chip mai kahi mau millimeter square a hiki i 350 mm² a hiki ke hiki i hoʻokahi miliona transistors no mm².
(He 30 billion transistors i loko!)
Pehea ka hana o ka chip
ʻO ka puʻupuʻu kahi kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia me ka nui o nā transistors. Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana like ʻole ka nui hoʻohui like ʻole, mai nā haneli miliona; i nā ʻumi a i ʻole nā haneli o nā transistors. ʻElua mau mokuʻāina ʻo Transistors, ma luna a ma waho, i hōʻike ʻia e 1s a me 0s. Nui nā 1s a me 0s i hana ʻia e nā transistors he nui, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā hana kikoʻī (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kuhikuhi a me nā ʻikepili) e hōʻike a hoʻoponopono i nā leka, nā helu, nā kala, nā kiʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-03-2019
